马来西亚与世界贸易组织
马来西亚的入世承诺 （英文） |
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| 2002-11-22 13:46 |
马来西亚与世界贸易组织
马来西亚的入世承诺 （英文）
Market Access
Malaysia's commitment include binding and reduction of
tariffs on 7197 items comprising 5900 industrial items and 1297 agricultural
items. Scope of binding by Malaysia covers 65% of total tariff lines. The trade
weighted tariff for industrial products will be reduced from 10.2 percent to 8.9
percent in five years.
Malaysia's exports of manufactures will enjoy 45% per cent
tariff cuts in the major export markets (US, EU and Japan). About 60% of the
US$306 billion worth of imports from developing countries will be under bound
rates. Benefits include :
o reduction
of tariff and non-tariff barriers
o lower
rate of tariffs for Malaysian exports
o manufactured
exports benefit from about 45% tariff cut in major markets
o increase of scope of
bindings of tariffs by all countries
Outline of Malaysia's Commitments - Malaysia's Offers
o reduce
and bind tariffs on 7,200 items
o trade-weighted
tariffs (industrial) to be reduced to 8.9% from 10.2%
o increase in scope of
bindings from 1% to 65%.
Outline of Offers Made by Malaysia in Market Access
Negotiations of The Uruguay Round - Industrial Offers (Covering 5900 tariff
lines)
The general breakdown in terms of the major sectors are as
follows :
o Fish
Products (including processed)
74 tariff lines
majority bindings at 0%
o Mineral
Products
56 tariff lines
bindings at ceiling rates of 5% and 10%
o Chemicals
(Inorganic & organic)
509 tariff lines
binding at reduced or applied rates between 5% to 30 %
o Pharmaceutical
Products
53 tariff lines
binding rates are between 5% and 10%
o Rubber
Products
214 tariff lines
binding rates between 5% and 30%
o Wood
Products
170 tariff lines
offer is to bind at reduced and ceiling rates 5% to 25%
o Paper
Products
197 tariff lines
offer is to bind at reduced and ceiling rates between 20 and 25%
o Plastic
and Articles thereof
500 tariff lines
bindings at ceiling bindings of 30%
o Textile
related products (yarn and articles)
1100 tariff lines
offer is to bind at reduced, applied or ceiling rate between 5% to 30%
o Footwear
and headgear products
58 tariff lines
majority ceiling bindings at 30%
o Ceramic
products
35 tariff lines
bindings at reduced, applied and ceiling bindings of 5%, 10% and 30%
o Glass and
glassware
64 tariff lines
largely ceiling bindings at 5% and 30%
o Iron and
steel products
282 tariff lines
offer bindings at reduced, applied rates or ceiling rates between 25% to
30%
o Non-ferrous
metals
220 tariff lines
offer bindings at reduced, applied or ceiling rates ranging from 5% to 30%
o Electronics
and electrical products
450 tariff lines
offer bindings at reduced, applied or ceiling rates from 0% to 30%
o Machinery
and mechanical appliances
650 tariff lines
offer bindings at reduced, applied or ceiling bindings ranging from 5-30%
o Furniture
products
75 tariff lines
offer is to bind at reduced or base rates ranging between 5% and 30%
o Scientific
equipment (including optical photographic apparatus)
178 tariff lines
offer is to bind and reduce tariffs at 0% to 20%
o Toys and games
73 tariff lines
bindings at 0% and 5%
Agricultural Sector
1297 tariff lines of which all are bound at various levels
of tariff.
Services
Generally, Malaysia's offer schedule under services,
involved a wide coverage of sectors, substantive bindings of current
policies and in several important sectors. Further liberalisation in modes
of supply and activities were made.
Malaysia's horizontal commitments are as follows :
o Foreign service suppliers
may set up as joint-venture companies, subsidiaries, branches,
representative offices, regional offices depending on the sectors these
suppliers wish to participate in.
o Binding of Malaysia's
Guidelines For Regulations Of Acquisition of Assets, Mergers and
Takeovers; and
o Commitments on the
movement of intra-corporate personnel, including senior managers and other
categories such as professionals, experts, specialist and business
visitors. No commitments offered to unskilled and semi-skilled labour.
With respect to sectoral commitments, a total of
64 service activities have been in Malaysia's Final Offer. In the
non-financial services sector, Malaysia made specific commitments in 44
sectors and subsectors. In the financial services, commitments were made in
20 financial services activities. These are :
o business services :
covering mostly consultancies, management services (for example,
convention and exhibition services) and other specialised services such as
crop and fisheries management, skills training and translation services.
Horizontal measures apply.
o professional services :
horizontal measures apply. Additionally, specific ruling on
qualifications, residency requirements, experience and accreditation
procedures need to be met. Legal services only limited to offshore-related
activities in Labuan. The commitments in this sector are safeguarded by
ensuring potential service suppliers take qualifying examinations and
English language criteria.
o telecommunications
services : basic telecommunication is closed. Enhanced value added
services are controlled by way of licensing (in order to limit the
numbers). Horizontal measures also apply.
o sea transport : only
international shipping services and shipping agency services are open, the
latter has been liberalised further to permit foreign share of up to 49
percent. Other horizontal measures apply, however, multi modal transport
operations (MTOs or door-to-door services) are not permitted.
o audiovisual and
broadcasting services : horizontal measures apply. Local content policy
applies. The number of entrants are limited through licensing.
o construction services,
including integrated engineering services (turnkey activities) :
horizontal measures apply. No other limitations.
o financial services : no
new entrants in the banking subsector, except through share acquisition of
existing firms. Existing foreign banks accorded Tier 1 status. Some
relaxation in equity limits allowed in the insurance industry, but is
subject to criteria and is time bound. Some sub-sectors under the capital
market sector to be further liberalised in year 2000.
o health services :
horizontal measures apply. Only private hospitals and specialist services
committed. The number of hospitals and specialists permitted is also
subject to economic needs test.
o tourism services : no
limits on management of hotels Ownership of property subject to investment
rules, FIC rules .Restaurants must be 'exotic'.
o travel services :
horizontal measures apply. Only in-bound tourism permitted.
Ticketing/sales reserved for Malaysian companies, unless it is airlines
office.
o computer (software
implementation included) : horizontal measures apply except for equity
limits, which can be up to 70 per cent foreign.
o rental and leasing services : horizontal
policies apply. No other limits.
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